Knowledge panel
The information box Google shows beside results for an entity it recognizes: photo, description, profiles, facts. It is generated from the Knowledge Graph rather than from any single page, and it is earned by being consistently documented, not requested.
A panel appearing for your name is the visible symptom of the invisible thing this whole practice builds: Google holding a confident, consolidated record of who you are. There is no application form; there is only evidence, accumulated and reconciled.
The inputs are the usual suspects working together: strong structured data with sameAs links, agreeing profiles across the web, and authoritative references to your name. Local agents most often surface first through their Google Business Profile panel.